پلیمرهای قالب مولکولی مغناطیسی: اصول، روش‌های ساخت و مشخصه‌یابی با بررسی عملکرد جذب سطحی در حذف آلاینده‌های آلی از سامانه‌های آب و پساب

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

دانشکده مهندسی پلیمر، دانشگاه صنعتی تبریز (سهند)، تبریز، ایران، صندوق‌پستی: ۵۱۳۳۵-۱۹۹۶

10.30509/jcst.2026.167783.1284

چکیده

پلیمرهای قالب مولکولی مغناطیسی به‌عنوان نسل پیشرفته‌ای از جاذب‌های گزینش‌پذیر، در سال‌های اخیر توجه گسترده‌ای را در حوزه‌های شناسایی و حذف آلاینده‌های آلی از محیط‌زیست به خود جلب کرده‌اند. این مواد با بهره‌گیری هم‌زمان از فناوری قالب‌گیری مولکولی و نانوذرات مغناطیسی، قابلیت شناسایی اختصاصی مولکول الگو، ظرفیت جذب بالا، جداسازی سریع توسط میدان مغناطیسی و استفاده مجدد را فراهم می‌کنند. در این مقاله مروری، ابتدا اصول طراحی و سازوکار تشکیل حفره‌های شناسایی اختصاصی در پلیمرهای قالب مولکولی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و سپس روش‌های مختلف تهیه قالب‌ها به طور نظام‌مند مقایسه شده‌اند. همچنین نقش نانوذرات مغناطیسی، به‌ویژه Fe₃O₄، در بهبود سینتیک جذب، افزایش سطح ویژه، سهولت جداسازی و کاهش اتلاف جاذب مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است. در ادامه، روش‌های مشخصه‌یابی ساختاری، شیمیایی و مغناطیسی این مواد بررسی شده و ارتباط میان ساختار، ریخت و عملکرد جذب مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. هدف از این مقاله مروری، ارائه دیدگاهی جامع در مورد راهبردهای تهیه انواع پلیمرهای قالب مولکولی مغناطیسی و کمک به محققان در انتخاب بهینه‌ترین روش جهت کاربردهای خاص است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Fundamentals, Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorptive Applications in the Removal of Organic Contaminants from Water and Wastewater

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parya Jafaryan
  • Sahar Foroughirad
Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers, as an advanced generation of selective adsorbents, have attracted significant attention in recent years in the fields of identification and removal of organic pollutants from the environment. By simultaneously utilizing molecular imprinting technology and magnetic nanoparticles, these materials provide specific recognition of template molecules, high adsorption capacity, rapid separation via an external magnetic field, and reusability. In this review article, the principles of design and the mechanism of formation of specific recognition cavities in molecularly imprinted polymers are first examined. Subsequently, various synthesis methods are systematically compared. In addition, the role of magnetic nanoparticles, particularly Fe₃O₄, in improving adsorption kinetics, increasing specific surface area, facilitating separation, and reducing adsorbent loss is analyzed. Furthermore, structural, chemical, and magnetic characterization techniques are reviewed, and the relationship between structure, morphology, and adsorption performance is discussed. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the synthesis strategies of various magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers and to assist researchers in selecting the most suitable method for specific applications.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers
  • Selective removal of dye pollutants
  • Magnetite nanoparticles
  • Water and wastewater treatment

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