استفاده از روش‌های طیف‌سنجی و میکروسکوپی در بررسی شاخصه‌های شناسایی رنگدانه تولیدی براساس دستورالعمل‌های سنتی ایرانی: قرمز شنگرف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده حفاظت آثار فرهنگی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران، کد پستی: 5164736931

چکیده

شنگرف یکی از رایج‌ترین رنگدانه‌های قرمز در طول تاریخ بوده و به طور طبیعی و مصنوعی به دست می‌آید. با توجه به اهمیت و کاربرد گسترده این رنگدانه در آثار هنری ایرانی، این تحقیق سعی می‌کند با روش‌های میکروسکوپی و طیف‌سنجی، ویژگی‌های شناسایی شنگرف طبیعی و مصنوعی را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. بنابراین، این پژوهش در پی پاسخ به این سوال است که شاخصه‌های شناسایی رنگ شنگرف تولید شده بر اساس دستورالعمل‌های سنتی ایرانی چیست؟ شنگرف طبیعی از بازار تاریخی تبریز تهیه و شنگرف مصنوعی بر اساس دستورالعمل‌های مختلف از رساله‌های ایرانی قرون 12تا 19 میلادی ساخته شد. پس از طی فرایندهای لازم همچون اسیدشویی با آب انار و آب لیمو، شاخصه‌های شناسایی رنگدانه به صورت خالص و در ترکیب با بست‌های صمغ و سریشم با استفاده از میکروسکوپ نور پلاریزه، طیف‌سنجی رامان، SEM-EDX و طیف‌سنج انعکاسی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می‌دهد با اینکه دشواری تفکیک شنگرف مصنوعی و طبیعی با میکروسکوپ نوری، تفاوت مورفولوژی شنگرف طبیعی و مصنوعی در تصاویر SEM به خوبی نمایان می‌شود. همچنین آنالیز EDX نمونه‌های طبیعی و مصنوعی باتوجه به وجود ناخالصی در شنگرف طبیعی امکان شناسایی آنها را با توجه به نسبت گوگرد به جیوه فراهم می‌کند. تحلیل طیف رامان با تاکید بر نوار cm-1 253 می‌تواند شاخص مهمی برای شناسایی رنگدانه شنگرف بدون دخالت تاثیرات بست باشد. اما تفکیک رنگدانه طبیعی و مصنوعی نیاز به تحلیل‌های آماری دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Using Spectroscopic and Microscopic Methods in the Study of the Identification Characteristics of Paint Materials Produced Based on Traditional Persian Recipes: Cinnabar Red

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Nemati-Babaylou
  • Alireza Koochakzaei
  • Leyla Malekifar
Faculty of Cultural Materials Conservation, Tabriz Islamic Art University, P.O. Code: 5164736931, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cinnabar was one of the most common red pigments throughout history and was obtained naturally and artificially. Considering this pigment's importance and wide application in Persian artworks, this research will attempt to study the identification characteristics of natural and artificial cinnabar by microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Therefore, the research tries to answer the question, what are the identifying characteristics of the cinnabar resulting from its making methods in old Persian recipes? Natural cinnabar was prepared from the historical bazaar of Tabriz, and artificial kind was made based on different old Persian recipes from the 12th to the 19th centuries. After applying the necessary processes on samples, including acid washing with pomegranate juice and lemon juice, the identification characteristics of the pigment in pure form and combination with gum and animal glue binders were investigated using a polarized light microscope, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, and reflective spectrophotometer. The results show that despite the difficulty of separating artificial and natural cinnabar with a light microscope, they separate by SEM images based on their morphology differences. Also, EDX analysis makes it possible to identify them according to the ratio of sulfur to mercury due to impurities in natural cinnabar. Analysis of the Raman spectrum with an emphasis on the 253 cm-1 band can be an important indicator for identifying cinnabar pigments without interfering with binding effects. However, the distinction between natural and synthetic pigments requires statistical analysis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pigment identification Cinnabar Persian Recipes Optical microscope SEM
  • EDX Raman Reflectance spectrophotometer

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