مطالعه دمای ساخت و فرآیند‌های تشکیل پوشش روغنی ـ رزینی ایرانی «روغن کمان»

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده حفاظت آثار فرهنگی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز ایران، صندوق‌پستی: 456- 51335

2 دانشکده حفاظت و مرمت، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران، صندوق‌پستی: 1744

3 گروه رزین و افزودنی‌ها، پژوهشگاه رنگ، تهران، ایران، صندوق‌پستی: 654-167654

چکیده

روغن کمان یکی از پوشش‌‌‌های محافظ مهم در آثار هنری ایران محسوب می‌‌شود که بر اساس مکتوبات تاریخی از ترکیبی از رزین دی‌‌ترپنویید سندروس و روغن بزرک در دمای جوش به دست می‌‌آید. همواره مساله روش ساخت و دمای پخت این محصول در منابع مختلف مورد بحث بوده است. بر همین اساس هدف این مقاله بررسی دمای پخت و تغییرات شیمیایی رخ داده در محصول طی آن است تا بتوان محصولی استاندارد جهت مصرف عمومی هنرمندان سنتی تهیه کرد. بر مبنای منابع پیشین سه رزین سندروس مراکشی، کلوفان و کوپال مانیل در کنار روغن بزرک برای تهیه روغن کمان انتخاب شده و با استفاده از آزمون‌های حرارتی DSC و TG/DTA تغییرات محصول در نسبت‌‌‌های مختلف از رزین و روغن در حین حرارت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و تغییرات رخ داده در نهایت با طیف‌سنجی زیر قرمز تبدیل فوریه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج نشان داد که دمای پخت محصول عمدتا وابسته به تغییرات حرارتی روغن بوده و در حدود 390- 380 درجه سانتی‌گراد رخ می‌دهد و واکنش‌‌‌های متیل‌زدایی، آروماتیک شدن و کربوکسیل‌زدایی برای تشکیل محصول نهایی رخ می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on Making Temperature and Formation Processes of Persian Resin-Oil Coating of “Kaman Oil”

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Nemati Babaylou 1
  • Mehrnaz Azadi Boyaghchi 2
  • Farhood Najafi 3
  • Mohsen Mohammadi Achachlouei 2
1 Faculty of Cultural Materials Conservation, Tabriz Islamic Art University, P. O Box: 51665-456, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Faculty of Conservation, Art University of Isfahan, P. O Box: 1744, Isfahan, Iran
3 Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P. O Box: 167654-654, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

"Kaman Oil" is one of the essential protective coatings of artworks in Iran, based on the old texts. It is made from diterpenoid resin and linseed oil at boiling point. This product's making method and temperature have always been discussed in various sources. Accordingly, this article aims to investigate temperature and chemical changes occurring in its production to obtain a standard product for use in traditional art. Therefore, according to the literature, three resins of Moroccan Sandarac, Colophony and Manilla Copal, and linseed oil were selected to produce "Kaman Oil." Thermal analysis of DSC and TG/DTA was used to examine changes in product properties during the heat treatment for different amounts of resin and oil. Finally, the chemical changes were studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The result shows that the making temperature mostly depends on the oil changes and occurs between 380-390°C. Also, demethylation, aromatization, and decarboxylation reaction appeared at these temperatures to form the final product.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Kaman Oil coating
  • Sandarac
  • Colophony
  • Copal
  • Linseed Oil
  • DSC
  • TG/DTA
  • FTIR

مراجع

  1. M. Rostami, Persian bookbinding from Seljukid to Qajar, Tehran: Academy of Art, 2013, 91.
  2. E. Gratzl, Book Covers, In a survey of Persian art, vol.V, ed. A. U. Pope, Persian Translation, Tehran, 1967, 2279-2303.
  3. M. Ehsani, Persian book covers and penboxes, Tehran: Amirkabir. 1988, 5-25.
  4. A. Adib Boroumand, Penbox Art, Tehran: Vahid. 1986, 7-30.
  5. Y. Azhand, Persian painting (A Research in the history of Persian Painting), v.2, Tehran: Samt. 2010, 815.
  6. A. Safari aq Qale’e, N. Shenakht, Research on the Persian manuscripts codicology, Tehran, Mirase Maktoob. 2013, 189.
  7. M. Rostami, Classification of lacquer book covers of Tabriz Qajar era in terms of design and motives with emphasis on works in the museum of Quran and Ketabat of Saheb Al-Amr Mosque, Lib. Inf. Sci. 14(2011), 299-320.
  8. Aghdashlou, M. Hosseini, Yad Baad an Rouzegaran Yad Baad (Donated Collection of Ezzat Malek Soudavar to the A. National Library and Museum Institute of Malek, Tehran, Yasavoli and Malek Institute. 2012, 7-18.
  9. A. Adib Boroumand, H. Farahmand boroujeni, Negarestan-e Adib; About Persian art and artists, Isfahan, Goldasteh. 2013, 10-35.
  10. N. D. Khalili, B. W. Robinson, T. Stanley, Lacquer of the Islamic lands, (V1, 2). London: Nour Foundation. 1996, 10-25.
  11. A. Adamova, Persian manuscripts, paintings and drawings: from the 15th to the early 20th century in the hermitage collection. London: Azimuth Editions. 2012, 8-18.
  12. A. Nemati Babaylou, M. Azadi Boyaghchi, F. Najafi, Lacquer and oil (Varnish) technology in Persian art book. J. At Res. 4 (2014), 149-154.
  13. A. Nemati Babaylou, M. Azadi Boyaghchi, F. Najafi, M. Mohammadi Achachlouei, Recognition of sandarac resin nature in old scientific texts. J. Islamic Iranian Traditional Medicine. 7(2017), 73-84.
  14. A. Nemati Babaylou, M. Azadi Boyaghchi, F. Najafi, M. Mohammadi Achachlouei, Identifying the nature of sandarac resin in Iran's market by using FTIR. J. Color Sci. Tech. 12(2018), 33-43.
  15. C. Azémard, , M. Ménager, C. Vieillescazes, On the tracks of sandarac, review and chemical analysis. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24.36(2017), 1-9
  16. M. Frances, Y. Gardere, E. Duret, L. Leroyer, T. Cabaret, M. Rubini, AB. Athomo, B. Charrier, Effect of heat treatment on Pinus pinaster rosin: A study of physico chemical changes and influence on the quality of rosin linseed oil varnish. Ind. Crops Prod. 155(2020), 112789.
  17. J. Mills, R. White, Organic chemistry of museum objects, Taylor & Francis. 2012, 8-27.
  18. Azémard, M. Ménager, C. Vieillescazes, Effect of photodegradation on the identification of natural varnishes by FT-IR spectroscopy. Microchem. J. 112(2014). 137–149.
  19. C. Azémard, M. Ménager, C. Vieillescazes, Analysis of diterpenic compounds by GC-MS/MS: contribution to the identification of main conifer resins. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 408(2016), 6599-6612.
  20. C. Daher, C. Paris, A. Le Hô, L. Bellot‐Gurlet, J. Échard, A joint use of Raman and infrared spectroscopies for the identification of natural organic media used in ancient varnishes. J. Raman Spectrosc. 41(2010), 1494–1499.
  21. C. Daher,V.  Pimenta, L. Bellot-Gurlet, Towards a non-invasive quantitative analysis of the organic components in museum objects varnishes by vibrational spectroscopies: Methodological approach. Talanta. 129(2014), 336–345.
  22. D. Ciofini, J. Striova, M. Camaiti, S. Siano, Photo-oxidative kinetics of solvent and oil-based terpenoid varnishes. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 123(2016), 47-61.
  23. S. Afshār, Q. al-Sovar. In Ketābārāi dar Tamaddon-e Eslāmi, edited by N. Māyel-Heravi, Mashhad: Islamic Research Centre of Āstān-e Qods-e Razavi. 1993, 345–354.
  24. A. Al-kawaz; N. Hadi; Z. Al-husainy. Studying a new infrared reflective polymer coating. Prog. Color, Colorants Coat. 12(2019), 93-99.
  25. C. F. Uzoh, O. D. Onukwuli, A. C. Nwabueze. The effect of gmelina seed oil on the synthesis of alkyd resins. Prog. Color, Colorants Coat. 12(2019), 121-132.
  26. A. R. Koochakzaei, A. Nemati Babaylou, L. Daneshpoor, Identification of pigments used in decoration of paper inscription related to ansarin house of tabriz. J. Color Sci. Tech. 9(2016), 297-306.
  27. Z. Haghighi, A. Karimy, R. Vatankhah, Characterization of organic binding medium in historical wall paintings of Sukias House in Isfahan by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. J. Color Sci. Tech. 9(2015), 75-82.
  28. M. V. Russo, P. Avino, Natural products such as adhesives in oil paintings. Nat. Prod. Res. 33(2019), 956-69.
  29. M. B. Kasiri, Identification of lazurite pigment in persian miniatures by PIXE and AFM methods. J. Color Sci. Tech. 9(2015), 251-258.
  30. D. Harandi, M. H Taheri, A. Sardari, Identification of pigments of Tal-e Mash Karim wall painting at the chalcolithic site of Iran. J. Color Sci. Tech. 9(2015), 187-197.
  31. Z. Nikoei, K. Samanian, Identification of green and red pigments used at mural painting of zandieh in shiraz by instrumental methods. J. Color Sci. Tech. 14(2020), 49-61.
  32. .ا. کریمی، ع. عابداصفهانی، م. شیردوانی،‌ بررسی کارآیی آزمایش‌های شیمی‌تر در شناخت بست‌ رنگ نقاشی سنتی ایران. نشریه علمی مطالعات در دنیای رنگ. (1391)2، 14-3.
  33. M. B. Kasiri, A. Nemati Babaylou, H. Zandkarimi, Photo-oxidative stability of a series of red acrylic paints. Prog. Color Colorants Coat. 7(2014), 177-185.
  34. M. Niknejad, A. Karimy, Lead white or lead whites? reconsideration of methods of sefidāb-i-sorb production in Iran. Stud. Conserv. 64(2019), 1-9.
  35. F. Avaznejad, H. Sheibani, Color in Arsen City of Zandieh Shiraz. J. Stud. Color World. 9 (2019), 43-52.
  36. L. Baij, L. Chassouant, JJ. Hermans, K. Keune, PD. Iedema, The concentration and origins of carboxylic acid groups in oil paint. RSC advances. 61(2019), 35559-35564.
  37. M. Lazzari, O. Chiantore, Drying and oxidative degradation of linseed oil. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 65(1999), 303-313.
  38. C. Boelhouwer, J. Th. Knegtel, M. Tels. On the mechanism of the thermal polymerization of linseed oil. Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel. 69(1967), 432-436.
  39. C. Duce, S. Orsini, A. Spepi, M. P. Colombini, M. R.Tine, E. Ribechini, Thermal degradation chemistry of archaeological pine pitch containing beeswax as an additive. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 111(2015), 254-264.
  40. D. Scalarone, M. Lazzari, O. Chiantore, Ageing behaviour and analytical pyrolysis characterisation of diterpenic resins used as art materials: Manila copal and sandarac. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 68(2003), 115-136.
  41. I. Kononenko, L. de Viguerie, S. Rochut, P. Walter, Qualitative and quantitative studies of chemical composition of sandarac resin by GC-MS. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24(2017), 2160-2165.
  42. F. A. Carey, R. J. Sundberg, Advanced organic chemistry: part A: structure and mechanisms. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007, 140-141.
  43. V. Beltran, N. Salvadó, S. Butí, T. Pradell, Ageing of resin from Pinus species assessed by infrared spectroscopy. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 408(2016), 4073-4082.
  44. P. Dietemann, KV. Miller, C. Höpker, U. Baumer, On the use and differentiation of resins from pinaceae speci dietemann es in european artworks based on written sources, reconstructions and analysis. Stud. Conserv. 64(2019), S62-73.
  45. DL. Pavia, GM. Lampman, GS. Kriz, Introduction to spectroscopy. Cengage Learning; 2001, 47-50.
  46. R. Silverstein, F. X. Webster, Spectrometric identification of organic compounds, 6th Edition, Wiley India Pvt. 2006, 91-132.
  47. R. K. Mackie, D. M. Smith, R. A. Aitken, Guidebook to organic synthesis, Wiley, 1990, 25-35 and 310-341.
  48. P. Vollhardt, N. Schore, Organic chemistry; structure and function. Clancy Marshall, 2006, 1274.
  49. B. Z. Dlugogorski, E. M. Kennedy, J. C. Mackie, Oxidation reactions and spontaneous ignition of linseed oil. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. 33(2011), 2625–2632.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار