A Review of the History, Application, and Chemistry of Photographic Printing of Cyanotype Based on Prussian Blue Pigments

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Textile and Fashion Design, Faculty of Art, Alzahra University, P. O. Box:1993893973, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P. O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

10.30509/jcst.2025.167570.1262

Abstract

Nowadays, despite the availability of modern technologies and advanced printing equipment, cyanotype remains one of the favored techniques among artists and photography enthusiasts. This study investigates the history, chemistry, applications, and artistic impacts of cyanotype printing. It begins with a comprehensive overview of the role of this process in the history of photography and art. In the section on cyanotype chemistry, following a review and identification of the sensitizing formulas and the production of different hues, the study provides a detailed analysis of the chemical processes and operational stages involved in cyanotype printing, thereby offering a deeper understanding of this technique and its significance in both historical and contemporary contexts. One branch of this technology concerns the methodology and procedural aspects of printing. In this regard, the preparation and formulation of chemical compounds, the choice of printing substrates (paper or fabric), the application and coating of sensitizing solutions, exposure, processing, and drying methods are examined and analyzed. A key aspect of cyanotype lies in the formulation and combination of sensitizing agents, which is considered one of the most significant challenges of this printing method. Another challenge faced by practitioners and artists is the vulnerability and deterioration of print quality due to alkalinization caused by the use of certain materials, which is also discussed in this article.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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