Sustainable Wool Fabric Dyeing with Eremostachys sp. Extract: Comparison the Effects of Metallic and Plant-Based Mordants on Colorimetric, Fastness, and Antibacterial Properties

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Art, Shahrekord University, P. O. Box: 5681188617, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P. O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

10.30509/jcst.2026.167880.1292

Abstract

In this study, the potential of Eremostachys sp. for wool fabric dyeing was evaluated. The effects of dye concentration, pH, temperature, and dyeing time were investigated, and the performance of metallic and plant-based mordants was compared in terms of colorimetric and fastness properties. A dye concentration of 80%, pH 3, a temperature of 80 °C, and a dyeing time of 75 min were selected as the optimum dyeing conditions. The type of mordant had a significant effect on the spectral behavior, colorimetric coordinates, and fastness properties of the dyed samples. Sn produced the highest (K/S)λmax (10.54), yielding a bright, highly saturated yellow hue, whereas Cr provided a deeper hue with a (K/S)ave of 2.60, along with wash and light fastness ratings of 5 and 6–7, respectively. Among the plant-based mordants, Carthamus tinctorius produced the highest (K/S)λmax (6.54), while Terminalia chebula exhibited wash and light fastness ratings of 4–5 and 6–7, respectively. The dyed wool samples exhibited a limited inhibitory effect against S. aureus and E. coli, with mean inhibition-zone diameters of 0.92 and 0.84 mm, respectively.

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References

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