MXene Nanoparticle-based Conductive Inks: Structure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Printed Electronics

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Paint and Surface Coatings Group, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P. O. Box: 14965/115, Tehran, Iran.

10.30509/jcst.2026.167744.1279

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials have revolutionized printable electronics, driven by their unique electronic and mechanical properties. MXenes are a novel family of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, arranged in chemically ordered or disordered structures across multiple atomic layers, with surface chemistry characterized by surface terminations. The first reported MXene, Ti₃C₂Tₓ, has proven to be an excellent candidate for formulating conductive inks and for promising inks printing applications, owing to its high electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, excellent biocompatibility, and intrinsic hydrophilicity. The broad applications of these inks in advanced fields, particularly in printed, flexible, and wearable electronics, include printed circuits, highly sensitive and selective sensors, energy storage systems such as micro-supercapacitor electrodes and thin-film batteries, electromagnetic shielding, and biosensors. This paper reviews recent progress in the development of MXene inks, including synthesis procedures, ink formulation and performance, and printing methods. We further examine various printing techniques for fabricating precise conductive patterns with these inks, addressing prevailing challenges and exploring methods for improving the electrical conductivity of MXenes.

Keywords

Main Subjects

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