Microwaves as an efficient, controllable, and low-cost energy source for modifying the structure and surface chemistry of activated carbon adsorbent; Effective removal of congo red from industrial wastewater

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

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Department of Analytical Chemistry, IAU

10.30509/jcst.2024.167315.1228

Abstract

The effectiveness of microwaves as a method to modify the structure of activated carbon (AC) absorbent was investigated. The endemic walnut shell of the Kamyaran region was used as raw material. The adsorbent was prepared by chemical activation by ZnCl2 with a specific temperature program. Microwaves with 200, 400, and 600 watts powers were applied for one minute, and three adsorbent samples AC-200, AC-400, and AC-600 were produced. The structural characteristics of the adsorbents were investigated by elemental analysis, SEM, FT-IR, and BET methods. SEM images and FT-IR spectra proved the change in the morphology and surface chemistry of the absorbents. During a comparative study, AC and AC-400 were used to remove congo red. The variables of contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and the pH of the dye solution were optimized. In optimal conditions, the dye removal by AC and AC-400 at the level of 130 mg/L was 61.38 and 94.36%, respectively. Kinetic and isotherm studies showed that the dye removal process follows the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models.

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Journal of Color Science and Technology

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 18 August 2024

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