Microwaves as an Efficient, Controllable and Low-Cost Energy Source for Modifying the Structure and Surface Chemistry of Activated Carbon Adsorbent; Effective Removal of Congo Red from Industrial Wastewaters

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 6616935391, Sanandaj, Iran.

10.30509/jcst.2024.167315.1228

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of microwaves as a fast and highly controllable method to modify the structure of activated carbon (AC) absorbent. The endemic walnut shell of the Kamyaran region was used as raw material. The adsorbent was prepared by chemical activation by ZnCl2 with a specific temperature program. Microwaves with 200, 400, and 600 watts powers were applied for one minute, and three adsorbent samples, AC-200, AC-400, and AC-600, were produced. The structural characteristics of the adsorbents were investigated by elemental analysis, SEM, FT-IR, and BET methods. SEM images and FT-IR spectra proved the change in the morphology and surface chemistry of the absorbents. AC and AC-400 were used to remove congo red during a comparative study. The variables of contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and the pH of the dye solution were optimized. In optimal conditions, the dye removal by AC and AC-400 at 130 mg/L was 61.38 and 94.36%, respectively. Kinetic and isotherm studies showed that the dye removal process follows the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Color Science and Technology
Volume 18, Issue 3 - Serial Number 69
December 2024
Pages 163-179

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