Statistical Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Lipstick Brands in the Iran Markets

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P. O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Color Imaging and Color Image Processing, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P. O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P. O. Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Considering the development of cosmetic products in Iran, the presence of heavy metals directly and indirectly (in the form of an organometallic color), side effects (skin allergies) and the risk of being carcinogenic have caused these colors to be considered and investigated by researchers. The purpose of this study, which was conducted by randomly selecting five Iranian brands in Tehran, is to determine the amount of heavy metals in the mentioned samples. This study was conducted on 20 samples from 4 brands and 5 types of selected products produced in the country. The concentration of heavy metals (lead, nickel, chromium, arsenic, mercury and cadmium) was measured using induced mass (ICP MASS) after performing the steps of acid digestion by plasma spectrometry. Statistical analysis was performed on the measured values, and the results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in 20 samples measured with three repetitions was less than 10 ppm and within the permissible limit. But the pollution level of brands is significantly different. Health risk assessment in exposure to heavy metals in terms of carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity was investigated in lipstick samples. The results showed that the risk of skin carcinogenesis through repeated use over time is serious and cannot be ignored.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Color Science and Technology
Volume 17, Issue 4 - Serial Number 66
January 2024
Pages 341-363

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