Removal of Safranin Dye Using Graphene Oxide, Activated Carbon Nanocomposites, Aluminum Hydroxide and Oxide Graphene Nanoparticles, Activated Carbon and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In this research, the following three adsorbents were synthesized and characterized to investigate the role of nanoparticles in the removal of the cationic dye safranin: a nanocomposite of graphene oxide-activated carbon (GO-AC) as a blank sample, graphene oxide-activated carbon-aluminum hydroxide nanoparticle (GO-AC-Al(OH)3 NPS) and graphene oxide-activated carbon-cerium oxide nanoparticles (GO-AC-CeO2 NPS). The synthesized nanomaterials were identified and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The effect of various parameters such as pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent amount, contact time, and temperature in the safranin dye adsorption process was investigated. The used nanoparticles have a high surface area, good mechanical strength, and different functional groups. Graphene oxide, activated carbon, nanoparticles of cerium oxide, and aluminum hydroxide can be effective in the adsorption of safranin dye by forming various electrostatic interactions, π-π, and hydrogen bonds due to their different cavities and functional groups. Mechanisms affecting the removal of contaminants were studied with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The results showed that the removal of safranin dye followed the Freundlich isotherm, and the value of the R2 correlation coefficient for oxide graphene /activated carbon, oxide graphene/activated carbon/cerium oxide, and oxide graphene /activated carbon/aluminum hydroxide were obtained 0.973, 0.986 and 0.9994, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposites from cerium oxide and aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles showed good performance in removing safranin dye as compared to the blank sample (GO-AC).

Keywords


  1. E. Kumar, A. Bhatnagar, W. Hogland, M. Marques, M. Sillanpää, Interaction of anionic pollutants with Al-based adsorbents in aqueous media - A Review. Chem. Eng. J. 241 (2014) 443–456.
  2. S. Lata, S. R. Samadder, Removal of arsenic from water using nano adsorbents and challenges: A Review. J. Environ. Manage. 166 (2016), 387–406.
  3. M. Gascon, E. Morales, J. Sunyer, M. Vrijheid, Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the developing respiratory and immune systems: A systematic review. Environ. Int. 52 (2013), 51–65.
  4. I. Nilsson, A. Möller, B. Mattiasson, M. S. T. Rubindamayugi, U. Welander, Decolorization of synthetic and real textile wastewater by the use of white-rot fungi. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 38 (2006) 94–100.
  5. M. Doǧan, Y. Özdemir, M. Alkan, Adsorption kinetics and mechanism of cationic methyl violet and methylene blue dyes onto sepiolite. Dye. Pigment. 75 (2007), 701–713.
  6. Y. R. Zhang, S.Q. Wang, S. L. Shen, B. X. Zhao, A novel water treatment magnetic nanomaterial for removal of anionic and cationic dyes under severe condition. Chem. Eng. J. 233 (2013), 258–264.
  7. T. Feng, L. Xu, Adsorption of Acid red onto chitosan/rectorite composites from aqueous solution. RSC Adv. 3 (2013), 21685–21690.
  8. K. H. Didehban, S. A. Mirshokraie, J. Azimvand, Safranin-O dye removal from aqueous solution using super-absorbent lignin nanoparticle/polyacrylic acid hydrogel. Bulg. Chem. Commun. 50 (2018), 180–187.
  9. S. V. Mohan, Y. V. Bhaskar, J. Karthikeyan, Biological decolourisation of simulated azo dye in aqueous phase by algae Spirogyra species. Int. J. Environ. Pollut. 21 (2004), 211–222.
  10. Y. S. Al-Degs, M. I. El-Barghouthi, A. H. El-Sheikh, G. M. Walker, Effect of solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature on adsorption behavior of reactive dyes on activated carbon, Dye. Pigm. 77 (2008), 16–23.
  11. I. A. W. Tan, A. L. Ahmad, B. H. Hameed, Adsorption of basic dye on high-surface-area activated carbon prepared from coconut husk: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, J. Hazard. Mater. 154 (2008), 337–346.
  12. M. J. Kim, G. H. Chea, Study on the PV Driven Dehumidifying System with Oyster Shell and Thermoelectric Device. J. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Saf. 18 (2012), 287–293.
  13. F. Hussain, M. Hojjati, M. Okamoto, R. E. Gorga, Review article: Polymer-matrix nanocomposites, processing, manufacturing, and application: An overview. J. Compos. Mater. 40 (2006), 1511–1575.
  14. J. Ortiz Balbuena, P. Tutor De Ureta, E. Rivera Ruiz, S. Mellor Pita, Enfermedad de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada. Med. Clin. (Barc). 146 (2016), 93–94.
  15. D. K. James, J. M. Tour, Chemical Makeup and Hydrophilic Behavior of Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons after Low-Temperature Fluorination, ACS Nano 9(7)  (2015), 7009–7018.
  16. A. M. Mollaei, Sh. Salem, Synthesis of Magnesium Aluminate-Grapheme Oxide Composite for Dye Removal. J. Color. Sci. Tech. 14(3), (2020), 173-190.
  17. D. R. Dreyer, A. D. Todd, C. W. Bielawski, Harnessing the chemistry of graphene oxide. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43 (2014), 5288–5301.
  18. K. S. Lin, S. Chowdhury, Synthesis, characterization, and application of 1-D cerium oxide nanomaterials: A review, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11 (2010), 3226–3251.
  19. A. A. Javidparvar , R. Naderi , B. Ramezanzadeh, Incorporation of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Modified with Benzimidazole into an Epoxy Polyamide Coating to Enhance the Physical-Mechanical Properties, J. Color. Sci. Tech. 13(4), (2020), 341-352,
  20. S. Ram, S. Ram, A. K. Ghosh, Removal of a cationic dye from aqueous solution using bentonite, Clay Res. 31 (2012), 109–119.
  21. F. Liu, S. Chung, G. Oh, T.S. Seo, Three-dimensional graphene oxide nanostructure for fast and efficient water-soluble dye removal. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfac. 4 (2012) 922–927. https://doi.org/10.1021/am201590z.
  22. M. Barathi, A. S. Krishna Kumar, C. U. Kumar, N. Rajesh, Graphene oxide-aluminium oxyhydroxide interaction and its application for the effective adsorption of fluoride. RSC Adv. 4 (2014), 53711–53721.
  23. L. Yu, Y. Ma, C.N. Ong, J. Xie, Y. Liu, Rapid adsorption removal of arsenate by hydrous cerium oxide-graphene composite. RSC Adv. 5 (2015), 64983–64990.
  24. S. Mohamadi, M. Ghorbanali, Adsorption and UV-assisted photodegradation of methylene blue by CeO 2 -decorated graphene sponge. Sep. Sci. Technol. 00 (2020), 1–11.
  25. T. Santhi, S. Manonmani, T. Smitha, Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from the epicarp of Ricinus communis by adsorption. J. Hazard. Mater. 179 (2010), 178–186.
  26. M. Ghaedi, S. Heidarpour, S. Nasiri Kokhdan, R. Sahraie, A. Daneshfar, B. Brazesh, Comparison of silver and palladium nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon for efficient removal of Methylene blue: Kinetic and isotherm study of removal process. Powder Technol. 228 (2012), 18–25.
  27. S. Cheng, L. Zhang, A. Ma, H. Xia, J. Peng, C. Li, J. Shu, Comparison of activated carbon and iron/cerium modified activated carbon to remove methylene blue from wastewater. J. Environ. Sci. (China). 65 (2018), 92–102.
  28. S. Chen, J. Hong, H. Yang, J. Yang, Adsorption of uranium (VI) from aqueous solution using a novel graphene oxide-activated carbon felt composite, J. Environ. Radioact. 126 (2013), 253–258.
  29. F. Mojoudi, A. H. Hamidian, Y. Zhang, M. Yang, Synthesis and evaluation of activated carbon/nanoclay/ thiolated graphene oxide nanocomposite for lead (II) removal from aqueous solution. Water Sci. Technol. 79 (2019), 466–479.
  30. A. I. Abd-Elhamid, E. A. Kamoun, A. A. El-Shanshory, H. M. A. Soliman, H. F. Aly, Evaluation of graphene oxide-activated carbon as effective composite adsorbent toward the removal of cationic dyes: Composite preparation, characterization and adsorption parameters. J. Mol. Liq. 279 (2019), 530–539.
  31. A. Bagheri, H. Hoseinzadeh, B. Hayati, N. M. Mahmoodi, E. Mehraeen, Post-synthetic functionalization of the metal-organic framework: Clean synthesis, pollutant removal, and antibacterial activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 3437 (n.d.) 104590.
  32. M. Kumar Sahu, R. Kishore Patel, Removal of safranin-O dye from aqueous solution using modified red mud: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. RSC Adv. (2015).
  33. S. Mallakpour, M. Dinari, H. Hadadzadeh, Insertion of fluorophore dyes between Cloisite Na+ layered for preparation of novel organoclays, J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 77 (2013), 463–470.
  34. M. K. Sahu, U. K. Sahu, R. K. Patel, Adsorption of safranin-O dye on CO2 neutralized activated red mud waste: Process modelling, analysis and optimization using statistical design. RSC Adv. 5 (2015), 42294–42304.
  35. K. R. Alhooshani, Adsorption of chlorinated organic compounds from water with cerium oxide-activated carbon composite. Arab. J. Chem. 12 (2019), 2585–2596.
  36. M. R. Fathi, A. Asfaram, A. Farhangi, Removal of Direct Red 23 from aqueous solution using corn stalks: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Spectrochim. Acta - Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 135 (2015), 364–372.
  37. N. M. Mahmoodi, M. Taghizadeh, A. Taghizadeh, Activated carbon/metal-organic framework composite as a bio-based novel green adsorbent: Preparation and mathematical pollutant removal modeling. J. Mol. Liq. 277 (2019), 310–322.
  38. N. M. Mahmoodi, M. Oveisi, M. Bakhtiari, B. Hayati, A. A. Shekarchi, A. Bagheri, S. Rahimi, Environmentally friendly ultrasound-assisted synthesis of magnetic zeolitic imidazolate framework - Graphene oxide nanocomposites and pollutant removal from water. J. Mol. Liq. 282 (2019), 115–130.
  39. N. M. Mahmoodi, S. M. Maroofi, M. Mazarji, G. Nabi-Bidhendi, Preparation of Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide nanosheet with Cationic Surfactant and its Dye Adsorption Ability from Colored Wastewater. J. Surfactants Deterg. 20 (2017), 1085–1093.
  40. J. Abdi, N. M. Mahmoodi, M. Vossoughi, I. Alemzadeh, Synthesis of magnetic metal-organic framework nanocomposite (ZIF-8@SiO2@MnFe2O4) as a novel adsorbent for selective dye removal from multicomponent systems. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 273 (2019), 177–188.
  41. S. Wong, N.A. Ghafar, N. Ngadi, F.A. Razmi, I. M. Inuwa, R. Mat, N. A. S. Amin, Effective removal of anionic textile dyes using adsorbent synthesized from coffee waste. Sci. Rep. 10 (2020).
  42. pdf, (n.d.).
  43. J. H. Potgieter, Adsorption of methylene blue on activated carbon: An experiment illustrating both the langmuir and freundlich isotherms. J. Chem. Educ. 68 (1991) 349–350.